The increase in international division of labor and simultaneous strengthening of economic, productive and cultural relations at all levels (from the intercontinental to interpersonal) predetermine the steady development of communications together with industries related to the spatial movement of goods and people in the world.
The most important of them and the ones with transcontinental and universal features are the transportation and tourism industries which are interrelated and interdependent to a certain degree. Their stable development will stimulate the conditions of integration processes of a country to the world community as well as will solve the problem of the country's national safety.
International tourism can be considered a part of the world economy that deals with provision of sites for rest, recreation, medical treatment and tourism. This industry grows rather dynamically as it is one of the forms of world service's trade. It can be called the business of the XXI century as it is the leading and the most profitable sector of the world economy nowadays.
Tourism generates more revenue than other industries and agriculture in several countries. Recreational complexes in the USA, for example, contribute annual income three times higher than the one received from agriculture while the occupied area is 10 times smaller.
In recent years the area of land used for recreation has been quite expanded. This happened because the role of international tourism increased significantly in the world economy. There is considerable growth of the flow of international tourists: for the former 20 years, their number grew by 2.5 times.
According to the World Tourism Organization, the industry accounts for more than 13% of global consumer spending, 10% of gross world product, 7% of overall investments, and 5% of general tax benefits. Tourism directly influences approximately 40 industries in the world as well as 10 - 15% of employees in any country. This is the industry that consists of different sectors such as accommodation, tourism services, transportation, travel trade, attractions, etc.
The following factors are basic for international tourism development:
* Favorable economic growth and social development had led to the increase in business and leisure trips.
* Advances in transportation have made it possible to reduce traveling costs.
* Employment upturn has predetermined the overall improvement of living standards.
* Intensification of labor has prolonged holiday terms.
* Substantial development of political cooperation and cultural exchange between countries has caused interpersonal relations within and between the regions.
* The service's sphere development has stimulated communications upgrading as well as technological progress in mass media.
The minimum visa requirements, currency transfers and low customs tariffs have made the trip organization easy and fast.
International tourism is one of the three main industries in the world. It comes third after the oil and automobile industries which account for 14% and 11% of the world export accordingly. General tourism revenue represents 13% of world export and 8% of service's export.
Tourism importance continues to grow as it is the substantial source of foreign currency reserves and employment in a country. According to the World Tourism Organization review of 171 countries tourism profits were worth $6.48 trillion in 2009 and there is no end in sight. It is said that the sum will be doubled in 10 years only. In addition, the industry employs 234 million people now. These employment numbers will increase together with the industry growth. Thus, it is not surprising that tourism boost has currently become one of the most attractive social and economic phenomena.
International tourism influences economic infrastructures of many countries. For example, 85.7% of the GDP came from tourism in Macao (the 1st place according to the World Tourism and Travel Council scale); 18.1% - in Tunisia (31st place). This makes $11,908 million and $11,608 million accordingly, but these numbers are not the highest in comparison with other countries. Tourism revenue in Austria equaled $73,868 million and this country was only 38th in the world (16.6% of the GDP).
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