Astronomical observations - Advertising - Broadcast Advertising

Astronomical observations show that the universe exists from 13.75 0.11 billion years [1]. The diameter of the observable universe is about 92 billion light years. According to contemporary knowledge of the peculiarities of the universe was created (the point where it was focused the whole matter and energy) in the Big Bang. From that moment the universe expanded to its present form, probably going for a short period of cosmological inflation, which meant that its density equals the critical density [4] [5]. The Big Bang and the expansion of the Universe have been confirmed by various independent observations. Also discovered that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, and that the majority of matter and energy the universe has a completely different form than what is directly observed (see dark matter and dark energy).

According to modern knowledge of physics and physical constants that determine the evolution of the universe did not change throughout its existence. Dominant force on the cosmological distances is gravity. Other forces: electromagnetism, the strong and weak interaction are dominant role in short distances. Observable universe has three spatial dimensions and one time, but possibly has more dimensions curled into tiny size. Spacetime is a smooth and consistent variety, and its average curvature is very small, which means that the large-scale geometry is approximately Euclidean.

From the above definition of the universe that nothing can exist outside it. However, there are alternative definitions, allowing that our "universe" is one of many "universes", which is defined as the set of the multiverse. For example, chaotic inflation theory allows the existence of infinitely many universes with different force constants in these individuals. Wielowiatowa interpretation of quantum mechanics, however, says that every measurement of a quantum system in a superposition creates a separate universe for each measurement. Because of the definition of such universes are disjoint from ours, these speculations can not be tested experimentally.The first observation is explained by the expansion of space. According to the theory of relativity, as the expansion of the universe, the wavelength of each photon is slowly increasing, reducing both its energy. Thus, the longer the photon exists, the more it is shifted toward the red. The ratio of elements is explained by the model of primary nucleosynthesis. As the expansion of the universe radiation energy decreases faster than the energy of matter. Can be concluded that although at present most of the energy is in the form of matter in the past most were in the form of radiation. Extending this resulted in a decrease in radiation temperature, until at some point in elementary particles can begin to connect in ever larger structures. In the initial period of dominance of matter formed protons and neutrons, which are then combined in atomic nuclei. Matter of the Universe was then mainly in the form of hot, dense plasma composed of electrons, neutrinos and nuclei. Nuclear reactions in the plasma have led to the current observed amount of light elements: hydrogen, deuterium and helium. After sufficient cooling, the electrons and nuclei combined to form atoms, which meant that the universe became transparent to light. This moment was the source of the background radiation observed today.

This model does not explain why the background radiation is almost the same temperature in all areas of the sky, when comes to us from places that never had contact with each other (see the horizon problem). It is postulated that the reason is cosmological inflation, which occurred within the first of the universe and increased its volume at least. Today, however, is not known physical process which could cause such a phenomenon.

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